How are thyroid nodules evaluated?

Thyroid nodules can be evaluated with a number of different tests. After taking a history and performing a physical examination, a practitioner may request blood tests or imaging studies to determine if a nodule needs treatment. In many cases, it is necessary to perform a biopsy of the thyroid nodule to rule out cancer. Commonly employed tests include:

- Blood tests, including TSH, antithyroid antibodies, and calcitonin

- Imaging studies, including sonography (ultrasound) and scans performed with radioactive materials that are concentrated in the thyroid gland (e.g., iodine and pertechnetate).

- Fine needle aspiration biopsy

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