How does radioactive iodine destroy thyroid cancer?

Cells that grow to form differentiated thyroid cancer are similar to normal thyroid tissue in that they are able to take up iodine that travels in the bloodstream. When radioactive iodine in the form of 131-Iodine is swallowed, it travels through the bloodstream and is actively taken up by these cells. As the 131-Iodine decays, it releases small bursts of radiation. This radiation only travels a very short distance, but it is powerful enough to disrupt the normal functions of thyroid cancer cells. As the functions of these cells are disrupted, they gradually die off.

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